Circuits & Systems Classroom
Interactive PlaygroundAliasing and Nyquist zones
See where tones and harmonics land after sampling.
Binary vs redundant SAR
Explore SAR decisions, redundancy and weight calibration.
Pipeline ADC
Follow the input interval from stage to stage, and connect residue distortion to DNL and INL.
Nonlinear calibration
Learn an inverse, test on new data, and see what clipping and limited training cannot recover.
Analog output analysis panel
Read one ADC capture through twelve synchronized diagnostic views.
Time-interleaved ADCs
See where channel mismatch, jitter and harmonics land in the spectrum.
PLL introduction
Watch phase feedback lock an oscillator; explore loop speed, damping and the integral path.
Integer-N vs fractional-N
See why integer-N lands on a channel grid and fractional-N does not.
Bang-bang PLL
A one-bit phase detector: watch the frequency slew, the limit cycle, and how jitter turns the sign into a gain.
Open-loop to closed-loop
Use feedback to trade gain for bandwidth in a single-pole amplifier.
112G PAM4 SerDes link
Follow PAM4 symbols through a 3-D chip-to-chip link and equalize the eye.
Clock and data recovery
A guided tour from the ground up: why a receiver must find its own clock, how a CDR steers by the data edges, and what it cannot follow.
PCI Express
A guided tour of a PCIe link in 3-D: lanes and generations, packets in their envelopes, resends after an error, and credits that keep the receiver from overflowing.
Bode plots & stability
Explore poles, zeros and responses; verify marginal stability independently.
